Gunsmoke: Character of the Old West Marshal, Matt Dillon :: Radio

Gunsmoke: Character of the Old West Marshal, Matt Dillon The American West. Full of opportunity and danger. Out on the prairie there was always a need for those that were willing to "serve and protect". No ordinary lawman would do though. The needs and demands that were placed on those in authority during that time called for someone extraordinary. The people in the few scattered cities here and there depended on marshals and their ability to uphold the law. Dodge City was no exception, in fact it was the rule. Many ruffians came and went through Dodge and therefore the City needed a lawman like no other. What they had was Marshal Matt Dillon. Marshal Dillon embodied everything that was asked for in the typical "old west" lawman. He did his job and did it well. There are many characteristics that are required of such a man, in such a position as he was in. Marshal Dillon was indeed so like the typical lawman that he was fictional in and of himself. However he is very real in the minds and hearts of all those who have ever experienced the t hrill of hearing the words, "there is only one way to tame... (the west). With a six shooter, and the smell of Gunsmoke."(Radio Spirits). Anyone who has ever heard, watched, or read about Gunsmoke understands the vital role that the character of Matt Dillon plays to the unfolding of almost every episode and tale. Dillon is the portrayal of all that was valued, respected, envied, and romanticized in the stereotypical old west lawman. Marshal Dillon has several characteristics about him that require scrutiny however to do so properly would require a virtual novel of research, as can be seen by the myriad of different traits observed by an Andrews University Lit. class on the American West (www.andrews.edu/~closserb link to Gunsmoke summaries). Therefore examining a few traits that seem to be most frequently observed in a broad way is more reasonable. Marshal Dillon is above all else strong or tough. In this sense strong is to be applied to both the physical prowess and mental resolve. Time and time again Dillon is called upon to be strong. In the radio episode of Gunsmoke "How to Kill a Friend" Dillon shows his strength of mind by refusing a bribe as well as having the strength to stand up to an old friend even if it meant having to kill him.

Three General Orders Essay

When you are on guard you are responsible for everything that occurs within the limits of your post while you are on duty. You are also responsible for all equipment and property located within the limits of your post. The exact limits of your post are defined by the special orders. The special orders should also include every place a guard must go to perform your duties. You will investigate every unusual or suspicious occurrence on or near your post provided that you do not have to leave your point of duty to do so. If necessary, you or the NCO who is on guard with you will contact the chain of command for instructions.While on guard you will remain at your place of duty and continue to perform all duties required until you are relieved by proper authority. If a guard requires relief because of sickness or for any other reason, you to notify your chain of command and wait until you are replaced by another guard or you have permission from the proper authorities to leave your point of duty. If you are not relieved when your time of duty is up, you do not abandon your post. You or the NCO on duty will contact your chain of command for instructions and stay at your point of duty until you are properly relieved.While on guard you will read over your special orders prior to you starting your duty. You will obey, execute, and enforce all special orders pertaining to your post. The commander of the guard is responsible for insuring that all guards understand their special instructions prior to being posted. In addition to your special orders, a guard is responsible to obey and carry out any orders or instructions from the commanding officer, field officer of the day, and officers and noncommissioned officers of the guard.No other persons are authorized to give a guard orders or instructions. Any special instructions for a guard should be issued through the guard's chain of command. When on guard you will pass instructions to your relief when appropriate. The informa tion is also given to the commander of the relief. You will perform your duties in a military manner and serve as an example to others. A guard reports all violations of special orders to the commander of the relief. You may have to apprehend the offender, if necessary. A guard reports all emergencies that occur on or near post.The guard will take whatever action is prescribed in your special orders or guard instructions. Anytime the guard is in doubt as to what action to take, or it is not covered in the special orders, you will call the commander of the relief for instructions or assistance. Sleeping on guard duty is not tolerated by any means. If you fall asleep on guard duty a lot of things can happen. Your post can be over run, the equipment that you are meant to guard could be stolen, or the building you’re guarding could get broken into.You could face a UMCJ action for falling asleep because you’re in violation of FM 22-6 which covers guard duty. You are looked upon to perform your duty at all times and if you fall asleep you fail to do your part and cover all things that are covered in you special orders. Any violations that may occur at your post you can become a part of because you fell asleep while the violations happen. Falling asleep on guard duty prevents you from reacting in a timing manner to an emergency. Over all falling asleep hinders you from doing your job on guard.

Essay on A Day At The Laundry - 690 Words

As I carefully unloaded my bags from the car, I quickly overlooked the crowd of people that were already there before me. Noticing that it was not too busy a smile crawled its way onto my face. With the aide of one of the many utility carts, I placed my bags into them along with my supplies and proceeded into the laundry mat. Yes, it’s that day that we all hate to face, laundry day. Having presorted my dirty clothes at home into their different categories, whites, colored, delicates, etc., I placed each of the presorted bags besides a washing machine that would accommodate each bag based on the load size. I then walked up to the service counter, where Ms. James, the laundry mat attendant who has been working there for the past eight†¦show more content†¦Ms. James is not the fastest employee because of her age, she has slowed down a bit, but she is quite certainly one of the most polite and courteous individual that I have encountered here at this laundry mat. With my tokens in my hand I quickly set a course towards the drop off spots where I had left my different bags of laundry. The first washing machine that I started was the one that I was using to wash my white clothing. Before loading my clothing into this washing machine, I added a half of a cup of Clorox bleach into the machine, and as a little â€Å"whitener booster†, after the clothes were loaded, I poured in a cup of Tide laundry detergent with bleach, trust me it makes a big and obvious difference at the end of your washing. From there it was off to start the washing machine that I would be using to wash my delicates, we all know that this is the load that we spend too much time deciding what types of cleaners, softeners, fabric treatments and detergents to add or which ones not to add. For this load I just follow a regular routine, a splash of Shout stain remover, a splash of Resolve fabric cleaner and about a cup full of Gain laundry detergent. When all of this gets mixed u p by the washing machines, there can only be one result in the end, my delicate clothing has been miraculously returned to their original condition. My other two loads do not need any special attention, so I just loadShow MoreRelated`` Laundry Day `` By Fran Kimmel1346 Words   |  6 Pagesan end point and therefore one will try to come back in the other’s life. This type of relationship is remarked in Fran Kimmel’s short story â€Å"Laundry Day†. The author suggests that getting rid of unhealthy relationship leads to happiness, the author uses the protagonist’s transformation, contrasting characters and symbols. In the short story â€Å"Laundry Day† Fran uses contrasting characters to demonstrate that quitting a bad relationship leads to happiness. First, Maxine, the dog represents happinessRead MoreEssay on One Day Laundry723 Words   |  3 PagesImplementation and evaluation of Strategic planning A. One Day Laundry Company I. Case Summary One Day Laundry is a company that recently surpassed its chief competitors to become the largest laundry and dry-cleaning company in Syracuse, New York. The company was merely one of the many neighborhood dry-cleaners, in the Syracuse area 4 years ago. The rapid growth began when the company changed hands in 1966. The owner had then died and his sick wife who couldn’t operate the company anymoreRead MoreServices Used : The Laundry Doctor961 Words   |  4 PagesPrimary research: Services used The Laundry Doctor The Drop Lock laundry service by the Laundry Doctor at University of Saint Thomas was used for a firsthand experience to conduct a primary research. The Order Process: The app, â€Å"Drop Lock† was installed, followed by choosing Laundry Doctor as the cleaner of choice. The app required signing in by using an email address and a password. Once signed up, Laundry Doctor sends a welcome email and instructions on how to get started and how the DropRead MoreLaundromat Near Me. . A Laundromat Is Simply A Place That1726 Words   |  7 PagesLAUNDROMAT NEAR ME. A Laundromat is simply a place that offers laundry services that involves an individual being actively involved in the whole process as it entails self-service criteria and the clothes are washed then dried with installed machines and they are usually operated by paying using coin. The name may vary depending on where you are be it the United States, the United Kingdom, New Zealand or Canada. It can either be called launderettes, launderettes or Laundromats. It all depends onRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Laundry 1205 Words   |  5 Pages The Life of Laundry Laundry embodies only two forms, clean or dirty, and in order to pursue the clean one must experience the dirty. This is the unfair paradoxical reality that is pushed so far in â€Å"Love Calls Us to the Things of the World†. In this case the laundry holds the form of the soul, providing characteristics of cleanliness and innocence. But once the soul is put on for the day, the day slowly chips away that innocence and paints of dirt collect. The clean is the wonderful spiritual world;Read MoreCase Stude on Dry Cleaners Presto1421 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen Mr Shelton’s main laundrette because of its opening and closing hours it has suited him most because of the hours he works he doesn’t mind that its bit more expensive than other dry cleaners. One day Presto decided to get a new system and things all went downhill for Mr Shelton when his laundry went missing. He never had a problem like this before so he was very frustrated. Mr Shelton has tried everything to get through to the complaint officer but there was no answer for ages. Eventually whenRead MoreWhy Price Elasticity Of Demand Has Impacted Decisions Made For The Future Of The Business1633 Words   |  7 Pageswashers and dryers after four years. After this price change only a few regular customers did not respond. Those that did not respond were supportive and in agreement to the price change. They didn’t have much of a choice due to the nature of laundry. Their dirty laundry needed to be washed and they did not have washer and dryer units at home. Most others were upset at the change in price. They felt as if the price change of .25 cents was too much of a price increase. Some consumers made the choice to goRead MoreZora Hurstons Sweat Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pagesand she takes great pride in her work. She has built the house that her [she] and Skyes [Sp] reside in, and she has planted all the trees around the premises. Delia also is a Christian, who attends service regula rly on Sundays before she starts her laundry for the week. Skyes, [Sp] on the other hand, is a dominant black man who has control of the house. After years of abuse Delia is afraid to push his temper, she wouldnt dare kick him out, or she would get beaten. [CS - 1] She would rather live herRead MoreDefinition Of Reflective Learning Statement1204 Words   |  5 PagesReflective Learning Statement Student Name: MA Kwok Ho Student ID: 14007491S During the period of internship, I have really learnt so many things about the operation of the hotel – Regal Kowloon Hotel. In these days, I worked in the Housekeeping Department, and tried almost all of the positions in this department. These positions are Housekeeping Officer (RA), Housekeeping Supervisor, Assistant Housekeeper, Order Taker, Housekeeping Attendant for Public Areas (PA) and UL Attendant. AsRead MoreHouse Rules Are Your Homes Finger Prints741 Words   |  3 Pagesentertained, quiet time is enjoyed, music is played, and laundry folded. But, not all of these tasks are done in both rooms. The front room, one of the least private rooms in terms of visual privacy, has a couch, a chair, a piano, one side table, one taller table with drawers, one low table where the CD player is placed, two lamps, the china cabinet, and the piano. Guests are entertained here in the summer. My father plays the piano on occasion. I spent a day here, listening to CD’s, when I was recovering

The Treatment Of Young Victims Of Child Sexual Abuse

Abstract The treatment of young victims of child sexual abuse can be demanding for the victim, the victim’s family, and the counselor. The trauma associated with the abuse and the time it may take the child to heal can become very overwhelming. There are barriers, such as a lack of family support and lack of disclosure, which may block victims of child sexual abuse from successful treatment. Overcoming these barriers and incorporating multiple methods of treatment can be beneficial for the victim. Specifically, trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy and relational-cultural play therapy with additional resources have proven effective in including family support and in defeating the fears of victims of child sexual abuse. McPherson, Scribano, and Stevens (2012) defined child sexual abuse as, â€Å"engaging a child in sexual activities that the child cannot comprehend, for which the child is developmentally unprepared and cannot give informed consent† (p. 27). The number of affected women in the United States is about 26% and the number of affected men is 16% (Perez-Fuentas, Olfson, Villegas, Morcillo, Wang, Blanco, 2013). However, as all crimes go, not every single case has been reported. Whether reported or not, child sexual abuse is a very serious crime that can affect the victims tremendously. Retrieving counseling for these victims of child sexual abuse is substantial in helping the child live a fruitful live post-abuse. Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy asShow MoreRelatedChild Sexual Abuse1260 Words   |  5 Pages Child sexual abuse is a social crisis of significant magnitude. This type of abuse has been found to be correlated with the advancement of an extensive range of men tal health and social problems in children and adults. Child sexual abuse is the term used when an adult uses a child or adolescent for his own sexual gratification or pleasure. Furthermore, a frequent expression of childhood sexual abuse is control over the abused child. This type of abuse knows no particular demographic and occursRead MoreChild Sexual And Sexual Abuse1659 Words   |  7 PagesChild Sexual Abuse Why does child sexual abuse happen and what are the effects of it? â€Å"Child sexual abuse is sexual contact with a child that occurs as a result of force or in a relationship where it is exploited because of an age difference or caretaking responsibility† (Finkelhor). Roughly 1.8 million children have been sexually victimized in the United States (NSOPW). Although there is no proof that racial or socioeconomic groups is a factor in a predators choosing, studies show that childrenRead More Sexual Abuse and Young Children Essay example1740 Words   |  7 PagesAs reported in Child Maltreatment 2013, out of the estimated 905,000 victims of child abuse and neglect reported in the United States in 2013, 8.8% were victims of sexual abuse. 1 This means that in that year over 79,600 children were sexually abused in the United States. â€Å"There is general agreement among mental health and child protection professionals that child sexual abuse is not uncommon and is a serious pro blem in the United States.† 2 Sexual abuse has a very broad definition. AccordingRead MoreChild Abuse Is A Serious Concern Of Society1570 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Child abuse is a serious concern of society because of the negative effects on later social and psychological functioning. Particularly, the concern of ‘the cycle of violence hypothesis’ which is one of the most influential conceptual models for antisocial behaviour in the social and behavioural science (DeLisi, Kosloski, Vaughn, Caudill, Trulson, 2014; Lansford, Miller-Johnson, Berlin, Dodge, Bates, Pettit, 2007). Numerous studies have documented the association between childhoodRead MoreNonverbal Forms of Communication that Can Be Used in Building a Thearpeutic Relationship1220 Words   |  5 PagesWeems, Cohen, Amaya-Jackson, Guthrie, 2011). In 2011 alone, over 61,000 cases of child sexual abuse were reported in the United States of America (U.S. Department of Health Human Services, 2011). The number that was reported is staggering enough without factoring in how many were NOT reported. Child sexual abuse is such an epidemic that the Center for Disease Control h as done research and studies on child sexual abuse and created manuals about how to prevent it (Centers for Disease Control, 2007)Read MoreChild Abuse : The Unintentional Cover Up1303 Words   |  6 PagesChild Abuse: The Unintentional Cover Up Found all over the world, in every social economic class, child abuse is still present even though its terms and definitions have changed over the years. Child abuse is rarely reported by the kids or parents, but by responsible adults in authority over the victim. The poem â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† by Theodore Roethke reflects the issue of child abuse, by portraying a young child’s attempt to normalize an abusive situation. Survival mechanisms used by children in abusiveRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse and Its Impact on The Developing Brain, An Annotated Bibliography846 Words   |  4 Pages1) â€Å"Child Sexual Abuse, Traumatic Experiences, and Their Impact on the Developing Brain† Gaskill, Richard L. and Perry, Bruce D. (2012) â€Å"Child Sexual Abuse, Traumatic Experiences, and Their Impact on the Developing Brain† Handbook of Child Sexual Abuse: Identification, Assessment, and Treatment. Online. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118094822.ch2/pdf Annotated Bibliography: In this article, the author is making an argument that sexual abuse causes brain development problems inRead MoreCharacteristics Of Juvenile Sex Offenders892 Words   |  4 Pages Juvenile Sexual Offending Sex offenders are described as a person who commits a crime involving a sexual act. They are people convicted for sexual crime in a criminal court. Sex offenders make a high percentage of the offender population and are considered special circumstance offenders. Sex offenders typically use sex as a coping mechanism. Juvenile sex offenders are those age from adolescences to an adult, who committed a sexual act without consent both physically and verbally. The differenceRead MoreAbstract: Understanding the Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Womens Sexuality1079 Words   |  5 PagesColangelo, J. J., amp; Keefe-Cooperman, K. (2012). Understanding the Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Women s Sexuality. Journal Of Mental Health Counseling, 34(1), 14-37. The purpose of this study was to show how childhood sexual abuse (CSA) victims often are faced with negative psychological and emotional consequences which have profound effects on their lives, as well as their sexuality. The intent of the authors was to show the occurrence of CSA among different women populations, andRead MoreBackground And Consequences Of Child Sexual Abuse1585 Words   |  7 PagesResponses to Child Sexual Abuse in Nigeria, author do hope this piece of paper will bring the light on relevant facts and concerned authorizes take some steps to make the condition better. Chapter I: Background and Consequences of Child Sexual Abuse Introduction Sexual forcefulness is a common occurrence and happens worldwide. Data obtainable proposes that in some countries nearly one in five women report sexual forcefulness by a familiar partner. Also up to one third of girls report enforced sexual instigation

Sartre s Theory Of The Radical Freedom Essay - 1685 Words

Discuss Sartre’s theory of the ‘radical freedom’ of consciousness Jean-Paul Sartre in his book ‘Being and Nothingness’ provided us with a new interpretation of freedom consistent with his famous account on existentialism. This is the view that existence precedes its essence: â€Å"In a word, man must create his own essence: it is in throwing himself into the world, suffering there, struggling there, that he gradually defines himself† (Sartre, 1943), (Onof, 2016). Here, Sartre stated that humans are completely free and that this comes at a cost, as ultimately, we have the burden of responsibility. Nonetheless, of main consideration, is discussing Sartre’s theory of the ‘radical freedom’ of consciousness. This view is where he explained that at every second of decision-making, we have the possibility to modify ourselves, i.e. by participating in what Sartre calls ‘new projects’. But, this view is undermined, as it has the potential to jeopardise our very existence in the world (Onof, 2016). In this essay, I will be providing one explanation of what ‘freedom’ entails for Sartre and this will be followed by a brief explanation of a contrasting account brought forward by Thomas Hobbes, who saw freedom as the ability to do whatever one wishes to do. I will then move onto explaining Sartre’s account on free will, of the different views he adopted and expanded on. I will then explain what makes his explanation on freedom so ‘radical’. This will be followed by a discussion of some ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Know Thyself 1499 Words   |  6 Pagesand eastern philosophy and modern with ancient philosophy. When Sartre takes up the question in Transcendence of the Ego, it marks a fundamental shift in the western philosophical tradition. Beginning with Descartes, and continuing up to Kant and Husserl, the I was something internal that we had immediate and certain access to, Sartre challenges this notion, by suggesting that the ego is an object transcendent to consciousness. Sartre s claim of the transcendence of the ego will be analysed, alongRead MoreThe Artist : An Artist1444 Words   |  6 Pagesis precisely that which he will have made. ...as everyone knows there are no aesthetic values, but there are values which will appear in due course in the coherence of the picture, in the relation between the will to create and the finished work† (Sartre.1948,pg 364).This insinuates no one has a preset account of their believes, we don’t just abruptly arise into existence and have an embedded moral compass, as time evolves we are faced to make immensely challenging moral decisions and in the end ourRead MoreEthical Ethics And Ethical Behavior1117 Words   |  5 Pageson sharing Kant s view that ethical standards must be total and all inclusive. Late twentieth-century individuals might be more mindful of differing qualities than Kant was. Accordingly, we may have less certainty than him that what sounds good to us will bode well to other individuals. In any case, in our day as in Kant s, individuals do tend to surmise that there is something else entirely to their ethical convictions than minor social bias. Like every incredible savant, Kant s contentions haveRead MoreMovie Review : The Edge Of Tomorrow 1116 Words   |  5 Pagesof a war against an extraterrestrial enemy who has the ability to reset the day and know the future. Cage finds himself being enabled with that same power as he killed a leading ‘mimic’ in one scene which resulting in the blood being burnt onto Cage s face. From then on, Cage can reset the day if he was murdered or had committed suicide from a specific point in the movie and be able to remember what happened previously. This scene can be related to the idea of free will as it shows that Cage has theRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 Pagesthat things have a set of characteristics that make them what they are, amp; that the task of science and philosophy is their discovery amp; expression; the doctrine that essence is prior to existence While, Existentialism:A philosophical theory or approach, that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free amp; responsible agent, determining their own development through acts of the will. Existentialism * is a philosophical term which posits that individuals createRead MoreExistentialism : Wild ( 2014 ) And Into The Wild1739 Words   |  7 Pagestheir family, friends and everything else they know from the society, they are attempting to find a meaning and purpose to their lives. Watching these two movies, I discovered that, both main characters need the Nature as a catalyst to regain their freedom, to find their true identity and to understand the meaning of their lives. To figure out the reason behind their existences, both decide to go a on a life changing adventure in the nature that might kill them or set them free forever. Doing a compareRead More Charles Wright Mills Essay examples1549 Words   |  7 Pagesalso an active member of the American Sociological Society, serving as vice president from 1947 to 1948. During the last two years of his life, Mills became a public figure. His tracts against cold War and the U. S. Latin American policy were more widely read than any other radical. As his popularity grew, his Listen, Yankee was featured on the cover of Harpers Magazine. As he was preparing for a television network debate, he suffered a heart attack in December 1960. On March 20, 1962, MillsRead MoreThe Life and Achievements of Charles Wright Mi lls Essay1675 Words   |  7 Pagesalso an active member of the American Sociological Society, serving as vice president from 1947 to 1948. During the last two years of his life, Mills became a public figure. His tracts against cold War and the U. S. Latin American policy were more widely read than any other radical. As his popularity grew, his Listen, Yankee was featured on the cover of Harpers Magazine. As he was preparing for a television network debate, he suffered a heart attack in December 1960. On March 20, 1962, MillsRead MorePhilosophy comparing libertarianism, compatibilism, and determinism2363 Words   |  10 Pagesright. The first viewpoint regarding human freedom is determinism. The thesis of the determinist is that, â€Å"Every event (including human actions) has a cause, and the chain of causes leading to any given action by an agent extends back in time to some point before the agent was born† (Koons, 2002, p. 81). This means that there is no such thing as free will, and that there is only one choice we could ever make â€Å"The determinist view of human freedom is typically based off of the scientific modelRead MoreExistentialism : Wild ( 2014 ) And Into The Wild1779 Words   |  8 Pagestheir family, friends and everything else they know from the society, they are attempting to find the meaning and purpose to their lives. Watching these two movies, I discovered that both main characters need the Nature as a catalyst to regain their freedom, to find their true identity and to understand the meaning of their lives. To figure out the reason behind their existences, both decide to go on a life changing adventure that might kill them or set them free forever. Doing a compare and contrast

Evaluate the Strengths and Weaknesses of Reason as a Way of Knowing Free Essays

There are four main ways of knowing – reason, perception, language and emotion. However each one of them have their own strengths and weaknesses and only by knowing them will we be able to better use these ways of knowing to gain knowledge. This essay will seek to examine the strengths and weaknesses of reason as a way of knowing. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluate the Strengths and Weaknesses of Reason as a Way of Knowing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Reason is often seen as one of the most powerful ways of knowing – for it ‘seems to give us certainty’ (Lagemaat, 112). Reason uses logic to form arguments and conclusions. A benefit of reason using logic in reason is that it allows us access to innate or a priori knowledge – knowledge we cannot access any other way. One definition of A priori knowledge is innate knowledge that is not derived from experience but rather, are universal rules that we apply. (Cahn,Eckert,Buckley). There are several different forms that reason takes but these are mainly inductive and deductive reasoning – which will be discussed later in the essay. A major strength of reason as a way of knowing is that the information we gather from using it is certain. This is a great strength because we are provided with a strong prediction model that we can build knowledge upon, thus providing us with information that we can believe to be true. We look to how this is applied in an area of knowledge the natural sciences. Take for instance the concept of neutralization reactions in Chemistry. In theory we know that a base would react with an acid to produce salt and water – a hypothesis that, up till this point, has been proven to be true – to form a salt and water. If we are presented with the following argument: All bases react with acids to form salt and water. Unknown sample X reacted with an acid and formed salt and water. We can conclude that unknown sample X is a base. We used deductive reasoning to arrive at the conclusion above. Deductive reasoning provides us with a conclusion that is absolutely certain. The way deduction works is that we go from general premises to a specific conclusion (Langemaat, 234). Like the example above, so far we have seen that all acid-base reactions produce water and salt thus we believe sample X is a base as well. At this point in time, there is no dispute against the law of the acid-base reaction and this will remain a law of chemistry. This certainty reason provides is an extremely important strength as this shows that reason allows us to create strong foundations that can be expanded upon. However with this certainty that reason brings, it has its weaknesses too. The first weakness of reason as a way of knowing is that it is limited. While we realise that unknown sample X is a base, this is all we know of it. This is where the weakness of deductive reason lies, it provides us with an extremely certain conclusion so that we can build upon our foundations that have been set but at the same time, we are limiting our knowledge to just this small scope. Also, the certainty of the conclusion depends on the truth of the premises. How can we prove that these premises are true? We believe that the premises are true because they have not been renounced as of yet. However if they were in fact wrong, our conclusion would be false as well resulting in a completely false argument. From this we can see that while reason can provide us with very certain conclusions, it limits us to building knowledge upon a specific foundation and the truth of the conclusion is based on the truth of the premises. The next strength of reason helps us generate laws to explain abstract concepts and gain this knowledge in areas that our senses cannot reach. This is a very important strength of reason as it shows how detached reason is from the empirical and sense perception. We look to the natural sciences once again – the concept of temporary dipole attraction between diatomic molecules. If we have the following argument: I, Br and Cl form temporary dipoles I, Br and Cl are group VII halogens Therefore, all halogens form temporary dipoles. This example shows how definitions and laws in the natural sciences are formed and how we use reason to do so. The example above uses induction, a method of reason that involves going from the specific to generate a general conclusion. This is how laws of the abstract are formed in science – we are unable to use sense perception or empirical knowledge, since we cannot see dipoles, to formulate these laws, we use reason to arrive at these conclusions. However, this is where the weakness of reason comes in as well. The problem with using induction is that these conclusions could have been arrived at in an incorrect way. The fact that these conclusions drawn are that of something abstract, how do we prove for sure that it is not another variable that affects it? Furthermore, what happens when in the future, when something that is not a halogen is discovered to form a temporary dipole. What happens to our definition of what can form temporary dipoles then? This is the weakness of reason in the natural sciences. Many times, Science applies inductive reasoning and even if a hypothesis is subject to uncountable experiments and stands irrefutable at this present time, it might not be true in the future. Since the natural sciences are a combination of the math and empirical, we cannot solely rely on our a priori knowledge. Science’s discoveries are often based on observations and this flout’s the rules of rationalism. When our senses are involved, our ability to reason might be compromised and lead to false premises and thus false conclusions. However, this is where experimentation comes in to prove as far as we can the extent of scientific truth and discovery. Therefore when it comes to the natural sciences, reasoning has its strengths in clearly defining and classifying various concepts that are senses cannot reach. However, reason falls short in the test of time, where we do not know what future results might yield as well as the possibility of mixing our senses into our premises, leading to false concepts to begin with. Thus, we can conclude that reason is limited in science by time and the extent of knowledge we already have. Even though reason might follow a logical flow, one may still arrive at false conclusions due to problems in our web of coherence. This is a major weakness of reason as we jump to hasty conclusions and cause us to make fallacious statements. For example, in the area of knowledge of the human sciences, analysts have been trying to identify patterns in human behaviour and events. Take for instance in a certain country, crime rates reach an all time high. Analysts would be looking for the factor that caused this and if at the exact same time there was a decrease in abortions, they might form this argument Crime rates increased Abortion rates decreased Therefore the decrease in abortions caused the increase in crime rates. This is an example of a fallacy called ‘post hoc ergo propter hoc’ where (wikipedia). This fallacy occurs when we assume that event A is the cause of event B just because B comes after A. The example above is guilty of committing this fallacy of ‘post hoc ergo propter hoc’ as it quickly concludes based on two events that happened at the same time. The analyst may argue that he used logic to reason out this relation but in actual fact there might have been many other factors that contributed to this increase in crime and violence. This example illustrates the weakness of reason as even though this is a sound argument, its premises are not the cause of each other and thus the argument is invalid. To conclude, we can see that reason has a significant role in many of the areas of knowledge but also presents many shortcomings, especially when experience and other factors come in. We are empirical creatures and it is difficult to always think rationally and logically. As Thomas Aquinas once said, ‘Most men seem to live according to sense rather than reason. ’ Perhaps this then is the major weakness of reason as a way of knowing – it cannot exist alone but needs to coexist with the other ways of knowing. Works Cited Cahn, Steven M. , Maureen Eckert, and Robert Buckley. Knowledge and Reality: Classic and Contemporary Readings. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2004. Print. Alchin, Nicholas. Theory of Knowledge. London: John Murray, 2003. Print. Lagemaat, Richard Van De. Theory of Knowledge for the IB Diploma. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2005. Print. How to cite Evaluate the Strengths and Weaknesses of Reason as a Way of Knowing, Papers

How Fashion Companies Promote Themselves on Facebook free essay sample

The social media are internet facilities where people can communicate and discuss through different websites or blogs. The social media has changed the world in many aspect and people are becoming more and more addicted to use these networks. People are fond of the social media because they can be social with a high number of individuals, both be real life friends, as well as strangers. Since the social media has grown to become so popular, companies have taken advantage of this as well. Their goal is to promote themselves through these networks as this can be very lucrative for the business. There are many different social media networks however this study will only be about Facebook. The aim of the study is to find out and describe how companies use Facebook for marketing purposes. An observation of how 34 fashion companies use Facebook for marketing purposes was carried out. According to internet marketing experts â€Å"the key questions is not whether to deploy Internet technology companies have no choice if they want to stay competitive but how to deploy it†. (Chaffey et al, 2003, p. Preface) As the social media and Facebook are very valuable for companies, companies must learn how to use social media as a part of their marketing strategy. One way for companies to promote themselves in the social media is through communication and advertising of themselves. (Kaplan, 2010, p. 64) (Kaplan Haenlein, 2009, p. 9) â€Å"Internet can be used to increase the frequency and depth of interactions with the brand, particularly for brand loyalists who are advocates of these brands† (Chaffey et al, 2003, p. 5). Companies can use Facebook for many different reasons. United States president Barack Obama used Facebook in his marketing strategy in the presidential elections. (Casteleyn et al, 2009, p. 442) Companies like Dell, Ernst Young and Microsoft etc, use Facebook to find adequate employees to recruit. (CNNmoney, 2009) It is said that the social media and Facebook is a place ere people can promote themselves and show out pictures of whom they desire to be, to the whole world. For the same reason, companies can use Facebook to promote themselves to customers and give out the image of how they want to be perceived. (socialTNT, 2008) The purpose of this study is to describe how fashion companies perform marketing on Facebook. This study is interesting as there are little studies of this topic that have been done before however there are several books and articles that uphold very strongly that companies should perform marketing on the social media networks and that this is very profitable. The benefits of having Facebook as part of the marketing strategy can be very beneficial to companies and it is therefore interesting to see how companies actually are using the social media networks, and more precisely Facebook. This study will observe what kind of marketing that fashion companies perform on Facebook and the goal is to describe the situation. There are a number of different theories on marketing that could be applied for reaching this goal. One of them is relationship marketing (RM) that can be described as an approach for companies to develop valuable, long-lasting and mutually beneficial relationships with customers. RM is recommended to be used when customers are highly involved in the good or service and are willing to engage in relationship 5 building activities. (Leverin Liljander, 2006, p. 232), (Eiriz and Wilson, 2004,p. 276). Another well-known theory is service-dominant logic (S-D logic). The central principle of this logic is that service is exchanged for service. Moreover, S-D logic implies â€Å"co-creation† and â€Å"co-production†. That is customers are actively contributing to the production of goods and services and assist in determining the perceived value of the offerings. (White et al, 2009, p. 76) One more theory that can be appropriate for this study is the theory of the promotional mix developed by Kotler (1998, 2000,2006), (Kotler and Armstrong, 1993, p. 383). This is a combination of six different marketing types that companies should mix and use in order to become more effective and successful in sales and brand equity. The main objective with the promotional mix is to create awareness and comprehension among customers. (Best, 2005, p. 302) This mix is known and used all around the world by companies and also by professors of marketing and is therefore very useful and adequate for this study. The six types in the mix are: advertising, sales promotion, events and experiences, public relations and publicity (PR and publicity, personal selling and direct marketing. (Kotler and Armstrong, 1993, p. 383) Since the study will observe how companies promote themselves on Facebook, the promotional mix has been chosen. This choice has been made due to the fact, that the promotional mix is one of the oldest traditional marketing theories and it would be interesting to see if the modes included in the mix are used in modern marketing, i. . on social media, and especially Facebook. As the field of the study is the online network Facebook the addition of another marketing type was necessary and this is word of mouth communication (WOM). As Facebook is a social media network, a great part of communication occurs through WOM. The reason to use WOM is due to its difference and at the same time importance in marketing. WOM differs from the modes in the promotional mix because it is more interactive. Ordinary people and the companies work together to reach the same goal. In ordinary marketing, companies create marketing for ordinary people to look at and be influenced by. The communication is online and even though people cannot use their real voices and ears to communicate the communication will still be called WOM in this study. As Facebook is a social media network the communication includes a great deal of WOM. (Freeman and Chapman, 2008, p. 778) 6 The decision to make this study about fashion companies was because these companies were the ones to use Facebook the most. Customers within the fashion industry expose their products to other peoples’ judgment which makes it very risky socially. They way people wear clothes are thus very likely to generate a great amount of WOM. (Bertrandias and Goldsmith, 2006, p. 26) It is easy to draw the conclusion that the companies, which have human appearance as their main focus, will choose to use Facebook because Facebook entails photos, interaction, communication and interests which makes it a powerful social media tool for these companies. The importance of a study like this one is that the social media and Facebook is a growing industry. From its birth it has only become more and more popular and most likely companies will have to be involved in the social media to be successful in the future. Outline The study is divided into six main chapters and the following is the Literature review. This chapter will present the six modes of the promotional mix as well as WOM. These are all used as a basis for the observation on Facebook. The next chapter is Methodology where the process of the study, the whole observation in detail and possible limitations will be explained. Thereafter is a chapter where the social media and Facebook are presented. The Result chapter will present the results of the observation, thus describe how marketing was used by Fashion companies on Facebook. The last chapter is the Summary of Results and Conclusion chapter which briefly will discuss the findings and sum up the whole study as well as give suggestions for future studies. Literature review The promotional mix The goal of marketing, for companies, is to create and keep their customers by producing desirable products and services. Companies’ products must be beneficial to customers, and to themselves, as well as available at satisfactory prices.